Inventory of emissions from major air pollutant categories in Turkey

In this study, an inventory of air pollutant emission estimates from major air polluting sources in Turkey for period between 1985 and 2005 with 5-year intervals were estimated. Inventory covers anthropogenic sources of five major air pollutants of particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides and non-methane volatile organic compounds. Their break-down with respect to main activity sectors were shown and their distribution by the largest industrial source categories were worked out as annual estimates. This inventory and its analysis point to serious environmental implications of air pollutants and a need to develop a policy plan for reducing these emissions.     

Practical environmental monitoring of major construction projects

Independent teams undertook environmental monitoring of particular concentrations of major construction projects forming part of Hong Kong’s U.S. $20 billion airport infrastructure programme located in dense urban areas. The team combination of environmental specialists with experienced civil engineers enabled pragmatic mitigation measures to be developed and accepted by the construction personnel with the result that potentially significant adverse impacts were averted. The authors discuss the mechanism and success of this innovative approach.     

The epidemic characteristics of Kaschin-Beck disease (KBD) in different eco-environments

Epidemiological survey of 573 families, clinical examination of 2593 persons, and X-ray examination of 1136 persons (in 16 typical endemic villages) were conducted, based on the classification of endemiology for KBD disease areas, i.e, mountain type, loess plateau type, plateau type, and flatlands type. It was revealed that the KBD disease areas exhibited the regular pattern of corming-into-being, development and passing-away and the characteristics of growth and decline. Further, it was found clinically that the disease areas may be divided into 4 types, i.e., recent onset, developing, stable, and historical. This division is simple and easy, practical, scientific, and reliable and can be applied by medical personnel at different levels.     

Game theory approach to optimal capital cost allocation in pollution control

ＧａｍｅｔｈｅｏｒｙａｐｐｒｏａｃｈｔｏｏｐｔｉｍａｌｃａｐｉｔａｌｃｏｓｔａｌｏｃａｔｉｏｎｉｎｐｏｌｕｔｉｏｎｃｏｎｔｒｏｌＣｈｅｎＷｅｎｙｉｎｇＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＮｕｃｌｅａｒＥｎｅｒｇｙＴｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ，ＴｓｉｎｇｈｕａＵｎｉｖｅｒ...     

Hydrogen storage and distribution systems

Hydrogen storage and transportation or distribution is closely linked together. Hydrogen can be distributed continuously in pipelines or batch wise by ships, trucks, railway or airplanes. All batch transportation requires a storage system but also pipelines can be used as pressure storage system. Hydrogen exhibits the highest heating value per weight of all chemical fuels. Furthermore, hydrogen is regenerative and environment friendly. There are two reasons why hydrogen is not the major fuel of toady’s energy consumption: First of all, hydrogen is just an energy carrier. And, although it is the most abundant element in the universe, it has to be produced, since on earth it only occurs in the form of water. This implies that we have to pay for this energy, which results in a difficult economic task, because since the industrialization we are used to consuming energy for free. The second difficulty with hydrogen as an energy carrier is the low critical temperature of 33 K, i.e. hydrogen is a gas at room temperature. For mobile and in many cases also for stationary applications the volumetric and gravimetric density of hydrogen in a storage system is crucial. Hydrogen can be stored by six different methods and phenomena: high pressure gas cylinders (up to 800 bar), liquid hydrogen in cryogenic tanks (at 21 K), adsorbed hydrogen on materials with a large specific surface area (at T < 100 K), absorbed on interstitial sites in a host metal (at ambient pressure and temperature), chemically bond in covalent and ionic compounds (at ambient pressure), oxidation of reactive metals e.g. Li, Na, Mg, Al, Zn with water. These metals easily react with water to the corresponding hydroxide and liberate the hydrogen from the water. Finally, the metal hydroxides can be thermally reduced to the metals in a solar furnace.     

九江-瑞昌5.7级地震现场房屋安全性鉴定工作的探讨

九江-瑞昌地震虽然震级较小,但震源深度浅,加之本地为历史少震地区,设防水准低,量大面广的非标准砖混和砖木房屋破坏较严重,造成13人死亡和多达20亿的直接经济损失.这充分暴露出我国少震地区城市防御力不足的弊端,经济发展的同时更应注意地震灾害风险的规避.本文介绍了本次地震现场应急工作情况,例举了地震区内不同结构类型房屋在这次地震中的表现和震害特点,并根据本次地震现场房屋安全性鉴定工作的实践和多次地震现场应急工作的经验,对本次地震现场应急工作进行总结.     

大学校园中影视艺术教育的社会责任

影视艺术教育是对大学生进行综合素质教育的重要组成部分。作为旨在提高学生艺术素质的影视艺术教育,肩负着重要的社会责任,包括对影视艺术形式本身传承和发展的责任、历史教育和现实教育的责任、道德教育的责任、传承民族文化精粹的责任、展示科技发展水平的责任等。     

新疆南疆部分地面饮用水的致突变性研究

饮用水的致突变性和潜在致癌危害是环境科学研究的重要内容,新疆南疆地区,除少数城市居民饮用自来水外,绝大多数农垦、牧区均以当地的河水、泉水和涝坝水等地面水为主要的饮用水源。为了解这些饮用水的致突变和潜在致癌危害,我们特在枯水季节,从具有代表性的塔什库尔干县某地的泉水(下称泉水)、河水(下称河水)、疏勒县城的深井     

北京市铁路站场大气颗粒物的特征与来源分析

利用扫描电镜-X射线能谱(SEM-EDX)技术对北京市铁路站场采集的颗粒物的形貌和化学组分进行分析,并利用富集因子法及元素相关性对颗粒物中的各元素来源进行判别。研究结果表明,铁路站场所采集的主要是2μm以下的球形或椭球形富含S、Br、Zn元素的颗粒,富集因子及元素相关性分析显示,该颗粒物主要来源于铁路机车燃油排放。因此,确定颗粒物的排放源并以此进行控制,对于改善北京铁路站场周围的大气环境具有重要意义。     

过滤捕集法处理含DEP雾废气的研究

为了探讨玻璃纤维过滤器处理含DEP雾废气的效率问题,在实验室进行了DEP雾去除实验。考查了不同气体入口浓度、过滤流速下玻璃纤维过滤捕集装置对含DEP雾废气的净化能力,结果表明:利用玻璃纤维过滤器去除DEP雾,在DEP雾粒径主要分布为0.48～3.4μm之间,DEP雾浓度小于220 mg/m3,过滤流速小于10 cm/s情况下,玻璃纤维过滤器对DEP雾的去除率大于99%,最大气体流量下的压力降小于1610Pa;同时对含油(酸)雾废气除雾效果好,特别是对于粒径特别细微的油(酸)雾,捕集效率也很高,还可回收利用,不会产生二次污染。